Evolution of Production and Operations Management

THE DEFINITIONS Operations management (OM) is defined as the design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firms primary products and services. Like marketing and finance, OM is a functional field of business with clear line management responsibilities. (Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano, 2006:9) Operations management is the management of processes or systems that create goods and/or provide services. It encompasses forecasting, capacity planning, scheduling, managing inventories, assuring quality, motivating employees, deciding where to locate facilities, buying material and equipment and maintaining them, and more. (Stevenson, 2002:4) At the most fundamental level, operations management is about getting†¦show more content†¦They were not always popular with workers, who sometimes thought the methods were used to unfairly increase output without a corresponding increase in compensation. Certainly some companies did abuse workers in their quest for efficiency. Eventually, the public outcry reached the halls of the U.S. Congress, and hearings were held on the matter. Taylor himself was called to testify in 1911, the same year in which his classic book _The Principles of Scientific Management_ was published. The publicity from those hearings actually helped scientific management principles to achieve wide acceptance in industry. A number of other pioneers also contributed heavily to this movement, including the following: _Frank Gilbreth_ was an industrial engineer who is often referred to as the father of motion study. He developed the principles of motion economy that could be applied to incredibly small portions of a task. _Lillian Gilbreth_, a psychologist and the wife of Frank Gilbreth, worked with her husband, focusing on the human factor in work. (The Gilbreths were the subject of a classic 1950s film, _Cheaper by the Dozen_.) Many of her studies in the 1920s dealt with worker fatigue. _Henry Gantt_ recognized the value of nonmonetary rewards to motivate workers, and developed a widely used system for scheduling, called Gantt charts. _Henry Ford_, the great industrialist, employed scientific management techniques in his factories. THE HUMAN RELATIONS ERA AND POM Both TaylorShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Strategy Of Toyota946 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience an evolution in its management philosophy from its beginnings and this has been epitomized in the terms of Lean Manufacturing and Just in Time Production that were vital in developing. Besides, the managerial principles and the business methods of the firm called the Toyota Way outlines the values and conduct procedures that Toyota personnel should utilize (Toyota 10). The company underscores the significance of respect for people and continual improvement in its operations. Under theRead MoreToyota Production System ( Tps )1164 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Toyota Production System (TPS) is a lean production Operations Management technique, steeped in the philosophy of operational efficiency, operational sustainability, operational effectiveness, and quality, with focus on waste elimination, innovation and human rights (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2015a; Toyota Motor Manufacturing, 2015). At its foundation, TPS utilizes the guiding ideologies of â€Å"Just-In-Time† production, or efficient resource management, and â€Å"Jidoka,† or quality assuranceRead MoreEvolution And Development Of Operation Management1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthat operations management has existed since man start to produced goods and services to meet their needs and necessities. Although, the origin of operations may be come from ancient civilizations, their major evolution in history is practically refers to the last 250 years. Therefore, the story is presented in accordance with the most important contributions or primitive impulses and not stri ctly chronological terms. There are several important areas that have contributed to the evolution and developmentRead MoreThe Evolution of Total Quality Management1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe Evolution of Total Quality Management A useful way to begin to understand the evolution of TQM is to link it to show how the industrial world was developing at the time TQM was evolving. Until the industrial revolution in the mid 18th century, most goods were custom made. Industrialisation brought about a fundamental shift from cottage industry production to large scale manufacturing. Simultaneously, industrial activity underwent extensive mechanisation. As explained by Ho, ‘craftsmen wereRead MoreManagerial Accounting And The Certified Management1408 Words   |  6 PagesManagerial accounting is used by an organization to ensure informed decisions are made regarding current and future operations. Businessmen and women must have the ability to comprehend financial information provided to properly determine the correct course of action. In the global market of today, an organization’s inability to accurately determine the best course of action can lead to financial ruin for the company. Uninformed decisions by leadership can derail a business’ prospects for successRead MoreSoftware Houses Use Agile Development1431 Words   |  6 Pagescycle. T his environment has no constrains. On the other hand, operation environment, which is usually called production environment. In operation environment there are a lot of constrains due to the nature and policies of IT. The third problem is the time taken in support process. In support process operation team open a support ticket after that development teams start to develop, finally after fixing issues. It takes time to make operation environment down to redeploy after build. Sometimes, problemsRead MoreLean Six Sigma And The Effects On Operations And Technology Strategy1484 Words   |  6 PagesProcess Analysis on Lean Six Sigma and The Effects on Operations and Technology Strategy Lauren M. Nanney East Tennessee State University Abstract Do not indent/ need to add headings/subheadings, etc Process Analysis on Lean Six Sigma and The Effects on Operations and Technology Strategy Over the course of the past three decades, American industrial organizations have sought a wide variety of management programs in hopes to improve their competitiveness. TheRead MoreMultinational Corporations; There Definition and Evolution1034 Words   |  5 PagesA Multinational Corporation has been described as one that has production facilities or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country and makes its major management decisions in a global context. In marketing, production, research and development, and labor relations, its decisions must be made in terms of host-country customs and traditions. In finance, many of its problems have no domestic counterpart-the payment of dividends in another currency, for example, or the need to shelter workingRead MoreMahindra Mahindr Mahindra1476 Words   |  6 Pagesis headquartered in Mumbai, India. It’s segments of operation are automotive, farm equipment, automotive components, information technology(IT) and infrastructu re sectors. In 2003, MM received Deming Application prize from Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) in the FES (Mahindra amp; Mahindra Ltd., 2015). In 2007 MM won Japan Quality Medal in the FES for implementing Total Quality Management(TQM) in its entire business operations. W. Edwards Deming was born in 20th century who eventuallyRead MoreScope Nature1393 Words   |  6 PagesTHE SCOPE OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT The scope of operations management ranges across the organization. Operations management people are involved in product and service design, process selection, selection and management of technology, design of work systems, location planning, facilities planning, and quality improvement of the organization s products or services. The operations function includes many interrelated activities, such as forecasting, capacity

Literature Review Iranian Muslim Americans - 952 Words

Literature Review: Iranian Muslim Americans Marywood University Helen Boyle America has one of the most diverse Muslim populations in the world. There are about three to six million American Muslims and around one half of this population was born in America. Almost all Iranian Muslim Americans come to the U.S. in search of opportunity, economic growth, and democratic freedom. However, it is important to note that although they may assimilate well to American cultural, they do not leave behind their own beliefs and values. There are many hardships faced by this group, such as discrimination and prejudice. It is important to be culturally competent while working with a population such as this. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a action oriented form of psychological therapy that assumes that maladaptive thinking patterns cause maladaptive behavior and negative emotions. (Pearce et al., 2015) This Evidence based practice is found to be especially effective when adapted for Muslim clients and their Beliefs and values. There was very little literature specifi cally on Iranian Muslim Americans being treated for depression. There was more information on general Muslim Americans with Depression. (Pearce et al., 2015) Iranian Muslim Americans face many challenges everyday. Since the terrorist attacks in New York on 9/11, majority of Muslim Americans say that it has become more difficult to be a Muslim in the United States. Despite the fact they said that life in theShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Iranian Muslim Americans883 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review: Iranian Muslim Americans Marywood University Helen Boyle America has one of the most diverse Muslim populations in the world. There are about three to six million American Muslims and around one half of this population was born in America. Almost all Iranian Muslim Americans come to the U.S. in search of opportunity, economic growth, and democratic freedom. However, it is important to note that although they may assimilate well to American cultural, they do not leave behindRead MoreRaza Aslan is Defending his Faith in the Book, No God but God1177 Words   |  5 PagesRaza Aslan is an Shia-Iranian and an American author, and he informed us within his introduction of his book that he will be blamed as an traitor by some and an advocate by others, however that the latter doesnt hassle him since there is no higher calling than to defend ones faith, particularly in times of cognitive content and hate. He claimed that this book is a debate for rectify and wrap up with a cautionary that, like the reformations of the past, this may be a terrifi c event, one thatRead MoreWhy Marjane Satrapi Graphic Form1803 Words   |  8 Pagesnovel accessible to its non Muslim readers. Being able to observe Christians in a predominantly Islamic country, opens a window to a life Satrapis readers could only dare to imagine. A world where u are told what to believe and what to think. It is therefore logical to target the sensitive majority of the population to educate about the Iranian political struggle and to get her story across. The novel in itself is about driving away the West from the conservative Iranian nation. Driving away the thingsRead MoreThe Geopolitics Of Us Iranian Relations3204 Words   |  13 Pages AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY THE GEOPOLITICS OF US-IRANIAN RELATIONS BY NELSON SHAWVER INTL500 – WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT: RESEARCH PAPER 31 AUGUST 2014 The Geopolitics of US-Iranian Relations American Military University â€Å"It is imperative for other states to accept the reality of Iran’s prominent role in the Middle East and beyond and to recognize and respect Iran’s legitimate national rights, interests, and security concerns.† Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif (2014)Read MoreReligion : The United States And The European Union1648 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence over society, especially its role in affecting politics (Hajizadeh, 2013). The biggest religious event/influence in recent years would be the various events that resulted from the Islamic conflicts both internal and external such as the Iranian Revolution and the infamous September 11th attack on the World Trade Center that occurred in 2001 (Hajizadeh, 2013). The September 11th attacks in particular paved the way for many new policies and laws including the USA PATRIOT (Uniting and StrengtheningRead MoreInfluence of Cultures on The Thousand and One Nights Essay examples1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthousand stories that had been translated or adapted from Sanskrit in the time of the Sassanids, the pre-Islamic Iranian dynasty. (Lawall 1586) The same is claimed by Goitein as he says that the first element in the tile of popular book: ‘One Thousand Nights is very old, as it is an adaptation of the Persian hezar efsane, which means ‘A Thousand Stories, according to various Muslim writers the name of a pre-Islamic collection of tales and fables.(301-02) W. F. Kirby states while reviewing theRead MoreThe Thousand and One Nights1472 Words   |  6 Pagesthousand stories that had been translated or adapted from Sanskrit in the time of the Sassanids, the pre-Islamic Iranian dynasty. (Lawall 1586) The same is claimed by Goitein as he says that the first element in the tile of popular book: ‘One Thousand Nights is very old, as it is an adaptation of the Persian hezar efsane, which means ‘A Thousand Stories, according to various Muslim writers the name of a pre-Islamic collection of tales and fables.(301-02) W. F. Kirby states while reviewing theRead MoreIr The Iranian Identity3660 Words   |  15 PagesImages from Iran: Iranian Identity in the Global World Globalization is defined as the ‘world becoming a small global village’ where all countries merge into a mosaic of one multicultural free communication of information village. Yet, if globalization is supposed to enhance the relationships between different cultures, making the whole world one nation, it drastically fails, due to the many differences between the world’s nations. Iran is one example of a country nation that has been detached fromRead MoreThe Study of Hostage Drama in Quirino Grandstand6173 Words   |  25 Pageswith society. Paranoid they feel threatened and persecuted, highly suspicious of people and very impulsive. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE a. FOREIGN LITERATURE The Iranian Hostage Crisis, November 1979 - January 1981   On November 4, 1979, an angry mob of young Islamic revolutionaries overran the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking more than sixty Americans hostage. From the moment the hostages were seized until they were released minutes after Ronald Reagan took the oath ofRead MoreBook Review of William Goldings Lord of the Flies2866 Words   |  11 Pagesinvolving human nature, William Goldings iconic novel Lord of the Flies, and the Middle Eastern society of today. This paper addresses those issues and concepts in light of what is happening in the Middle East today and also from the big picture of the Muslim community in the Middle East. Is it in fact fair to portray human nature (that is shown through Lord of the Flies) as reflecting human nature in Middle Eastern society? This paper approaches that subject in earnest. Understanding Lord of the Flies

Autism and Physical Therapy Help Free Essays

Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism spectrum disorders are very complex neurological disorders that have baffled experts over the years. These have brought numerous questions on the actual causes but there have not been many answers. Pervasive developmental disorders are how Autism spectrums are classified and it includes Autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. We will write a custom essay sample on Autism and Physical Therapy Help or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of these disorders has similarities in the individual’s lack of communication, socialization, and behavior. Autism was first introduced by Leo Kanner in the forties. His research is close in comparison to research conducted today. There will be signs of autism before the age of three and there are some significant deficits that help diagnose these young children. Social interaction, communication, and behavior are three deficits that are very noticeable in children with autism. You could be trying to talk to your own brother and he would be preoccupied doing something else. He wouldn’t show any signs of comprehending what you are saying and wouldn’t even look you in the eyes while you spoke. Autism can devastate a family, there is no cure and no medicine. You could have a normal developing baby until they just seemingly start to change and show abnormal behaviors before they turn three. They can look normal on the outside but there is some unknown phenomenon that happens to their brain. Genetic and environmental causes have been tested but there is still no definite answer. Asperger’s disorder is named after Hans Asperger in 1944 when he saw significant patterns of behavior in mostly his male patients. Asperger’s disorder is similar to autism in their impairments in social interaction and behavior. But they do not have a delay in language, cognitive development, and adaptive behavior. This disorder becomes clearer in elementary school when obvious social and behavioral problems become apparent. One rare condition that can appear in individuals is called savantism. These individuals show profound abilities that exceed what would be ordinary in most people. Another syndrome is called Rett and it is a very rare disorder of the nervous system that lead to developmental reversals especially in areas of language and hand use. Kids with this syndrome have normal development for the first five months, but have significant decelerated head growth between five and forty-eight months. It is onset prior to age four but is common to start earlier in life. Rett syndrome appears in nearly only females and can be misdiagnosed with other disorders like cerebral palsy. Some symptoms are floppy arms or legs, seizures, loss of normal sleep patterns, intellectual, and learning difficulties. The last of the Autism spectrum disorders is Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. The children with this disorder have normal development for the first couple years. They are diagnosed if they have a loss of skills in language, behavior, bowel control, and motor skills. Some other criteria’s are abnormal functioning in social interaction, communication and stereotype behaviors. There is no cure for these disorders but there is some therapy that can help. Behavioral therapy helps with social skills, self care, and can increase independent functioning. Occupational, speech, and physical therapy help the individual as well. Medications like stimulants and antidepressants are also helpful but their so exact medication for autism. But the main way to treat patients is to individualize the treatment. Having impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication would be devastating for any family. To have your child developing normally with the ability to communicate and act normal, then out of know where starts to lose those abilities. I couldn’t imagine how frustrating and sad it would be for the family to have to cope that. It’s crazy to think with all the technology in the world that someone or some organization could find better treatment or even a cure. Hopefully one day there will be a cure and families around the world would be able to have normal lives with their loved ones. How to cite Autism and Physical Therapy Help, Papers

To Kill a Mockingbird Summative Assessment Essay free essay sample

The book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee was a story about how Atticus was defending Tom Robinson who was a black man. Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech took place on August 28, 1963 in Washington, D. C.. Martin Luther King and Atticus both believe in a nonviolent resolution to problems, standing in someone else’s shoes before judging them, and they both want the races to be equal. Martin Luther King and Atticus dont use violence to solve their problems. Most people like the resolution of their problem not to be solved violently. â€Å"We must not allow our creative process to degenerate into physical violence†(MLK). It means that they dont want to use violence to achieve freedom. â€Å"In our courts, when it’s a white mans word against a black man’s, the white man always wins†(251). Atticus is saying that it isnt fair that they dont care what the black man says. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Summative Assessment Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Black men dont get as fair of trials that white men get. They should base the decision on what the person is really like. You shouldn’t judge a person until you stand in their shoes. †I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character†(MLK). It means he wants people to be judged based on what they act like and not judge based on the color of their skin. â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view†(33). Atticus is saying that you dont know a person until you know what their life is like. He says you have to get to know a person before making any judgements about them. He is saying everyone should be treated fairly. Everybody should be treated the same way as everyone else. The races should be equal. †I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of â€Å"interposition† and â€Å"nullification†, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers†(MLK). It means he wants whats best for the children of the future. He wants the races to be able to get along. â€Å"Our courts have their faults, as does any human institution, but in this country our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal†(233). Atticus is saying that the courts juries shouldn’t base their conclusions on the color of the defendant’s skin but on the evidence itself. Atticus believes that law supposed to be applied fairly to everyone. The law should be applied fairly no matter what your skin color is. Martin Luther King and Atticus believe in a nonviolent resolution to problems, standing in the other persons shoes before judging them, and the races to be equal. The juries in courts should base if the defendant is guilty or not based on the evidence provided and not based on the color of their skin. If a jury is all white and they are racist the black man wont get a fair trial in court. Everyone should be able to have a fair trial in court. You have to know what the person is like before making any judgements about them. In the old south if you were black you never got treated fairly. They thought in the old south if you were black you were found guilty no matter what even if there is no sufficient evidence. You are supposed to have a good amount of evidence to be able to find the defendant guilty or not.